Essay on Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid - 2070 Words

Abstract: The objective of the experiment was to prepare Benzilic acid by multistep synthesis starting with benzaldehyde. In this setup however, product of the first step, Benzoin, is provided thereby omitting the first step involving the conversion of benzaldehyde. For this experiment, the microscale techniques of reflux, crystallization, and melting-point determination were used. Utilizing these techniques a product yield of 93% for benzil and 57% for Benzilic acid was obtained, as well as a melting point range of 94.8 – 95.4oC for benzil and 152.0 – 153.9oC for Benzilic acid. With the literature melting-point value of benzil being 95oC ( Pavia, 2012), the product was deemed of pure enough quality to be used in the preparation of†¦show more content†¦Procedure To prepare Benzil, .30g of Benzoin was placed in a 5-mL conical vial with 1.5mL of concentrated nitric acid. With the addition of a spin vane and attachment of an air condenser, the mixture was heated and stirred for an hour in a hot water bath at 70oC. The red nitrogen oxide gases were allowed to evolve completely before the air condenser was detached and the mixture was transferred to a beaker containing 4mL ice-cold water then cooled via ice bath. The crude product was then collected and washed with 5mL cold water through vacuum filtration. The weighed product was then transferred and dissolved with hot 95% ethanol in another flask over light heat. Once dissolved completely, the flask was removed from heat, seeded, and then allowed to cool first at room temperature, than in an ice-bath. Following crystallization, the product was collected and rinsed with 95% ethanol vacuum filtration for 5 minutes. After air-drying, the dry benzil was weighed and a melting point was taken. To rearrange into Benzilic acid, .100g of benzil and 95% ethanol was mixed into a 3mL conical vial. Following the addition of a spin vane and attachment of an air condenser, the mixture was heated with an aluminum block at 95oC. After dissolving completely, .25mL of aqueous potassium hydroxide was added and gently boiled at 110oC with stirring for 15 minutes. The brown mixture was transferred to a beaker,Show MoreRelatedMultistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid2109 Words   |  9 PagesMulti-Step Synthesis of Benzilic Acid from Benzoin Abstract: The main purpose of this experiment was to convert a secondary alcohol to a ketone, utilizing a mild and selective oxidizing agent. In addition, this converted alpha diketone was then subjected to rearrangement to a carboxylate salt, then acidification, to produce an alpha-hydroxyacid. In this experiment, benzoin was used and converted into benzil, which was then used to synthesize benzillic acid. The yields were not ideal: .081g of benzil-Read MoreEssay about Synthesis of Benzilic Acid1107 Words   |  5 PagesSynthesis of benzilic acid from benzoin utilizing a multi-step reaction. Names: Arian Karim TA Name: Sayantan Das Lab Day amp; Time: Thursday 7:30-11:40 Lab Section #: Abstract The main purpose of this experiment was to synthesize benzilic acid from benzoin. This requires a multistep synthesis with benzyl as an intermediate product. The first step required HNO3 as an oxidizing agent and the second step required KOH and HCl. The percentage yields of benzil and benzilic acid were 59.5%

Film Review of Apocalypto Free Essays

1. Make a film review of the film focusing on the major aspects of Maya culture: a) Major characters in the film: * Jaguar Paw- son of Flint Sky * Flint Sky- leader of the village * Seven- wife of Jaguar Paw * Turtles Run- little son of Jaguar Paw * Zero Wolf- leader of the Mayan tribe who ravaged the village of Jaguar Paw * Middle Eye- son of Zero Wolf, he is almost killed by Jaguar Paw b) Aspects of Maya culture -Mayans practice human sacrifice for their gods to hear their prayers. Mayans capture other royalties from other tribes for them to sacrifice. We will write a custom essay sample on Film Review of Apocalypto or any similar topic only for you Order Now The high priests cut the breasts of the captives to get the beating heart before beheading them. They offer the beating heart to their gods. The Mayans also practice slavery. c) Factors that brought the downfall of Mayan civilization. -The first possibility that brought the downfall of the civilization is drought, due to lack of water; they cannot plant crops including their main crop, the maize. The second possibility is that rulers felt that their power is failing so they offer more and more human sacrifices to the point that they get captives from their own tribe. 2. Try to explain the following: a) The opening quote at the start of the film: â€Å"A great civilization is not conquered from without until it has destroyed itself from within† —W. Durant -For me, the quote states that a great civilization or tribe can only be conquered if people from within will destroy it. People that are settling in that certain tribe will always be the one who can destroy a prosperous tribe because they know what is the strength and the weakness of their place. b) The message relayed/conveyed by the arrival of Spanish ships in the end of the film. -I think Spanish conquistadors will use the â€Å"spread of Christianity† because they carry a cross. They will befriend the Mayans and they will let them be treated by them as their friends. How to cite Film Review of Apocalypto, Essay examples

Academic Integrity in Higher Education Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Plagiarism. Answer: Introduction Plagiarism is one of the emerging issues the academic world and has proved to be a major problem in many learning institutions. It is an integrity issue. The internet has accelerated the problem. The internet carries so much information and from different sources. Many students rely on the internet to do their assignments (Nguyen 2014). The information gotten from the internet is not always authentic because not all digital articles are duly published. Plagiarism not only compromises the copyrights but also affect the academic abilities of the students because they do not engage in meaningful learning. This reflection will cover three example cases of plagiarism to demonstrate the magnitude of the problem. Analysis Plagiarism case 1: Internet plagiarism stirs University of Virginia McMurtry (2001) defines plagiarism as academic theft. Literature is stolen, falsified and counterfeited in a manner that can be considered to be piracy or fraud. Ludo et al. (2012), also define plagiarism using others' work without properly acknowledging them and the source. A senior student at Ohio University, Ms. Allison Routman, was charged with plagiarism. The student wanted to become a team member of the Sea program that is being organized by the University of Virginia. To do that, she went ahead and watched one film about the shipboard life and went a step further to write a paper about it. She did consult the Wikipedia for some historic terminologies. Before submission, her supervisor did ask that each and every student to make a personal and honest confession that they didn't copy the film. She did not know at some point she will be accused of academic dishonesty. Because of the terms that she had used in her article, her supervisor had become suspicious that she might have plagiarized. Even though she tried to argue that she was innocent, her application was declined (Yuliya, D 2017). According to the UVA policy, as argued by her professor, "there is no specific punishment for academic violators; all those involved must be expelled." The student was immediately disembarked from her program just of the accusation concerning the terminologies that she was innocent about. This revelation shades some important point for further discussion before the students are punished. Some plagiarism cases might not be intentional. Plagiarism case 2: Nine students expelled because of plagiarism at Deakin University In 2012, nine students of Deakin University from Victoria were expelled for plagiarizing. The statement by the deputy dean, school of Business and Law, Professor Chris Kelly, said that scandal involved 100 students were investigated. There were widespread inconsistencies and irregularities in the group assignment that was assigned to the students. Because of that, the University did a thorough investigation into the conduct which found 30 were found to have the case to answer. The students were subjected to detailed hearing by the Senate and university deans. After the completion of the hearings, it was confirmed that nine students were guilty of the offense. However, the university declined to comment about the outcome of the other 21 students. Kelly commented that academic misconduct was becoming a big challenge affect virtually all universities in the world. He went further to hold that the all those that were involved needed to be observed in the context of all the 14,500 student s enrolled in the faculty of business and law. Mr. Owen Wrangle told the BBC that the problem was enhanced by the overseas university students who purchased their essays from dominant online essay websites. The International Educational Association of Australia did accept that it was becoming a challenge to curb the crime in the universities. This is because it was difficult to track the sources where the materials were coming from (Ross, J 2012). The Association went further to highlight that to state the many learning institutions in Australia have invested greatly in terms of time and financial resources in buying plagiarism software and other search engines as well supervisory checking and even in exam marking. Worrying, however, is the fact the tracking has not been the best science to deal with the same and therefore creating little meaningful outcome (Grove, 2014). Plagiarism case 3: Harvard University According to Ludo et al. (2012), people share their views, opinions, mind and feelings as well as emotions in distinct ways. In so doing, they have the right to have their ideas and opinions respected and protected from those considered to be lazy persons. It may not necessarily be a crime against the law but act in the academic world. Students present other people's academic work as their own to be awarded a mark and a grade. This form mostly happens when a student copy and paste some parts of an article from different sources to compile their work for submission (Ludo et al. 2012). This kind of behavior is a sign of serious irresponsibility by the student completely on other authors work. In addition to this, students also engage in plagiarism by rewriting other peoples work without citing the source. An example of 279 students of Government 1310 in the Harvard University also demonstrates how the evil is highly rooted. Professor Harris lamented the magnitude of the case that was u nprecedented. Serious similarities were noticed in all almost all the students assignments taking the unit (Rebecca, 2012). After a thorough investigation, it was established that most of the students got a material online and shared among all of them. After the further interrogation, one student who did not want to be named said it was a class collaboration to enable them to pass the unit. In establishing that, the university did give 25 percent mark of the final mark and therefore had to undertake more exams to be confirmed for a pass. The investigation further revealed that the students were given an assignment with one day to submit. However, no single student could figure out what the assignment was all about. After wide deliberations, the student agreed to advise from one of the professors in a renowned American university. The students did go ahead and share the content without changing many of the parts; several areas of the assignments were similar. This confirms that stude nts also engaged in the academic crime because they either have little time to do the assignments or they completely dont understand what the assignments are about and as such seeking assistance from other academic sources (Nguyen 2014). Now, having understood this, it is important to point out that plagiarism, by all means, is an "academic virus" that needs to be treated. With that in mind, therefore, one could consider the following to be appropriate measures to deal with the mischief: First and foremost, according to McMurthry (2001), it is important for the professors to plan their assignments on time and give students enough time to do their assignments and provide specific solutions. This is from the planning perspective and cannot ultimately ensure original since there those who will still cheat. From the technical viewpoint, the easiest way to detect and punish the offenders is by using the technology detecting tools (Grove, 2014). Conclusion From the analysis, it is important to point out that plagiarism is a serious change facing the academic world today. It is a moral issue because one decides to do it by conscious. Yes, it has noted that there are reasons that induce one to engage in plagiarism but that do not make one break the law and good morals. Plagiarism is more of an ethical as opposed to an academic issue. By fighting the vice from academic perspective alone, it will be a futile exercise. The students need to be positive about learning and the need to understand the best practices that can make one an all-around person. References Bowdoin 2017, Office of the Dean of Student Affairs: The Common Types of Plagiarism, available at https://www.bowdoin.edu/studentaffairs/academic-honesty/common-types.shtml(accessed on May 2nd, 2017) Coughlan, S., 2008. University cheats 'not expelled.' [Online], Available at: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/7434277.stm [Accessed 2nd May 2017]. Grove, L 2014, Malcolm Gladwells Plagiarism Problem. [Online] Available at: https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/12/11/malcolm-gladwell-s-plagiarism-problem.html, [Accessed 2nd May 2017]. Ludo, V, Tams H, and Nikolaos, P 2012, Pitfalls of Publications: On the Sensitive Issue of Plagiarism, Automation Magazine, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 85-87, Available on https://www.ieee-ras.org/publications/plagarism-and-ethical-issues, (accessed on May 2nd, 2017) McMurtry, K 2001, E-cheating: Combating a 21st-century challenge. The Journal of Technological Horizons in Education, 29(4), 36. Nguyen, T 2014, Malcolm Gladwell Accused of Serial Plagiarism. [Online] Available at: https://www.mediaite.com/online/malcolm-gladwell-accused-of-serial-plagiarism-kind-of/, [Accessed 2nd May 2017]. Rebecca, DR 2012, Harvard Investigates "Unprecedented" Academic Dishonesty Case: Nearly half of more than 250 students in "Introduction to Congress" are under investigation, CRIMSON, August 30, 2012, (online), available on https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/8/30/academic-dishonesty-ad-board/Ross, J 2012, Nine expelled for plagiarism at Deakin, The Australian, October 6th, 2012, available online https://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/nine-expelled-for-plagiarism-at-deakin/news-story/60f3695e425d998293fb27eebb369d5e, accessed on 3rd May 2017. Standler, R. (2000). Plagiarism in Colleges in the USA. Retrieved September 18, 2006, from https://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm, (accessed on May 2nd, 2017) THE DIAMONDBACK 2017, School of Public Policy: Academic dishonesty reports skyrocketed last year, (online), available on https://www.dbknews.com/2016/09/09/academic-dishonesty-reports-increase/, accessed on May 2nd, 2017. TheGuardian 2016, Mexico President Enrique Pea Nieto plagiarized thesis for law degree: report, Monday 22 August 2016 21.06BST, (online), available on https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/22/mexico-president-enrique-pena-nieto-plagiarized-thesis-law-degree Yuliya, D 2017, 3 Examples of Plagiarism in Renowned Universities You Didnt Know, available online, https://unplag.com/blog/3-examples-of-plagiarism-in-renowned-universities, accessed on 3rd May 2017

Melbourne Cricket Ground

Introduction This paper focuses on the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It looks at the facility audit and feasibility/design analysis of the stadium. The Melbourne cricket Ground (MCG) is arguably one of the greatest assets in Australia. It is the most fashionable stadium and it is a usually very busy venue.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Melbourne Cricket Ground specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is used to host international cricket, Australian football, dinners and other key events in its arena . The MCG usually has a very busy calendar throughout the year with approximately more that 80 days of sporting activities mainly cricket and football. The venue registers more than three million visitors every year. The management of MCG is a subordinate of the Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC). The club has more and more opened up the roles of MCG from being purely entertainment to a global tourist attraction centre. Neverthe less, the major point of focus in the management of the MCG is event days. The MCC ensures that the ever increasing public demand is met by the provision of state-of-the-art facilities. Nature of the MCG Melbourne Cricket Ground The MCG has great spectator facilities. It has a total capacity of 100,018 and this encompasses 95,000 seats and roughly 5000 spaces in standing rooms. Expansion of the stadium in anticipation of the 2006 Commonwealth games has led to the MCG being one of the most developed stadia in the world. The Northern stand stands out as compared to the Great southern one. It has transparent walls through which patrons can see nice scenery as they enter the stadium. The patrons are able to see the beautifully built stadium with colourful decorations and the magnificent atria installed with escalators for taking them to upper parts of the stadium.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The amenities and finishes are magnificent all through the stadium. The toilet facilities and seats are well build to serve the customers well. The gender ratio of toilets has improved over time. Initially, there were more toilets for men than for ladies. In the seating area of the stadium, plastic bucket seats are bolted on wider plats. This reduces human traffic jam in the stadium. The seats are positioned in such a way that there is no obstruction throughout the game. The new structure was designed in such a way that the stands are closer to the arena. This makes it more interesting for the spectators as they are nearer to the action. Additionally, the seats are bigger than before the 2002 to 2006 renovation and quite a good percentage of them are sheltered. To meet the demands of the ever increasing population, the sizes of the dining rooms have also nearly been doubled. There are big accommodation rooms for accommodating up to 500 guests. This enhances tenant sp orting activities. There are large new changing rooms that are used by the football and cricket players. These, together with the coaches’ rooms ensure that the players’ facilities meet the required standards. There is as well an extensive underground car parking space that has two parking spaces for each table in the stadium. This is a great facility for the patrons especially now that there is an increase in ownership of cars across the world. The aesthetic landscape and opened up access road also provides good scenery to the patrons and other visitors. The aesthetic value and lighting in the seating area of the stadium has also been improved by a beautiful blend of metal and glass as the roofing materials.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Melbourne Cricket Ground specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In accordance to the Equal Opportunity Act 1995, the MCC created the following special facilities for the physically challenged individuals; special parking, a stadium access entrance, seating facilities in the great southern stand, the Ponsford stand, the Olympic stand and the MCC members’ reserve. Special toilets has also been built in the Ponsford stand wing, the Olympic stand wing, the MCC members reserve and corporate suites, food outlets. For purposes of alerting people in the stadium in case of an emergency, there are several sirens installed in strategic places in the ground. The sirens are controlled from a central point in the stadium. They are operated by pushing on two red buttons at the same time. The availability of an Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) system ensures that the sirens are operated even when there is power failure. The MCG arena is made of natural turf; that is, it is made of natural grass; couch and rye. Sand soil is used in the arena because it has better drainage characteristics and as well better load-bearing capacity. The MCG arena is quite bi g with a total area of approximately 20,000 square metres. This ground has got capacity for 96 sprinklers and has got 1% gradient. Yarra Park is a significant natural phenomenon in the history of Australian sports. After the establishment of the MCG, the park provided parking services for horses when people visited the MCG. It later became a parking place for motor cars .Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The MCG has got state-of-the-art catering services. There are quite a number of dining rooms, cafes, food courts, bars and outlets for takeaway food. All these are at the disposal of the members and guests in the ground’s reserve. The cafes are categorized in terms of levels. At level one there is an example of the Hugh Trumble Cafà © where Bistro-style meals can be found. At level 2 there is like the Percy Beames Bar and Terrace Cafà © where light snacks are offered. The traditional carvery is also available in the Long room which is also an example of a level 2 cafà ©. Examples of level 3 and 4 cafes include the Frank Grey Smith bar and midfielders bar respectively . Design construction of the MCG The Melbourne Cricket Ground is located on the junction between inner-city Melbourne suburbs of Richmond and East Melbourne. It is roughly 2.5 kilometers from Melbourne CBD. The MCG is situated in Yarra Park, bordered by Brunton Avenue, Jolimont Street and Jolimont Terrace . T he MCG management is keen on keeping in mind the needs of the society at large while designing and making improvements on the facility and its environs. The main environmental concerns here are water and energy management. The management of the ground in collaboration with the local governments is committed to the implementation of the Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). This is geared towards ensuring constant water supply not only to the members but also the society at large. The Yarra Park improvement is one of the major concerns of the management. The Park had deteriorated so much due to droughts. The MCC has embarked on an ambitious plan to improve the Park as part of its commitment to the implementation of WSUD. This involves the development of non-potable water supply in the park and improvement of the trees, grass and soil conditions. In 2006, the MCG underwent 60% renovation in three years. This work was done by a five architectural firms led by Populous, others were Daryl Jackson Architects, Hassell, Cox Architects, and TSE. The stadium was to be designed to meet international standards; at the same time not losing its historical traditions. Populous Architects while redesigning, fashioned three major access and meeting positions in the stadium to grant the stakeholders their own special privileges. The stakeholders are pulled from the following associations; AFL, Cricket, Rugby League and soccer . The new renovated stadium has the following elements; seven new bars and restaurants with a seating capacity of 5,000 people. It was designed in a way that of the 5,000 seats 3,800 would view the pitch from where there were seated . Ownership/Management of the MCG MCG trust has vested administration mandate to the Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC) that is headed by the president Paul Sheehan. MCC main mandate is to make the MCG a leading sport centre in Australia. The MCC have had the mandate to manage the stadium from September 23rd 1853 to 2042. It enjoys th e service of 150 fulltime employees and around 1,000 more are used on every event’s day. Strategy and Structure of the MCG The main tenants of MCG are Australian Football and the cricket association. Other tenants are the soccer and rugby associations, and concerts, although their use of the venue depends on the absence of a cricket or AFL event. Organizational structure/staffing/human resources The management of the MCG is done through seven departments that report to the executive officer of the club. These departments are discussed below: Member and Customer Service department Its core mandate is to provide services to the club members, clubs’ 11 sporting sections, club functions, MCC cricket, special interest groups, and other stakeholders. The MCC communication team is the one mandated for publications, media liaison, and publicity, among many other roles, is a member of this department. Event department It is at the centre of planning and execution of all major a ctivities in the MCG. It coordinates with event managers for a successful event day. It also cooperates with Ticketek, on the sale of tickets. Ticketek provides its own staff when selling tickets. Facilities department It is mandated with the general maintenance of the stadium and its surroundings. Some of the functions include turf management, repairs and maintenance, security and cleaning among other tasks. Finance and Information Systems It is concerned with all monetary and accounting tasks in the MCC foundation and the MCG trust and National Sport Museum. Commercial Operations It is involved in marketing and renting out of all MCC suites and dining rooms. Some of the other tasks include managing contracts, sponsorship, sourcing money-making opportunities, and providing club’s brand guidelines. Heritage and Tourism It is responsible for operating National Sports Museum, MCC Museum, and Library and MCG tours. It also manages the collections from the museums, the library, s tadium, and public art. People and Culture department This department is involved in the enrollment of members, performance management, and growth, employee benefits, and remuneration, employee affairs and health and security management. Marketing and Quality at MCG Commercial Operations, is involved in marketing and selling of all MCC suites and dining rooms as the great number of members who pay subscription fees. Some of its other tasks are but not limited to; managing contracts, sponsorship, sourcing money-making opportunities, and providing club’s brand guidelines. Quality Service Systems The MCC is dedicated to offering quality services. It initially managed its clients using a customer-care platform based on Linux. This system had shortcomings when it came to customer satisfaction. Therefore, the club had to improve the system by adding the Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This ensured streamlined service delivery to clients and proper management of member servi ces. The system as well laid ground for alignment with the present requirements as well as for future growth. The MCC targeted to get closer to the customers, develop their profile and make improvements where necessary by observing their likes and dislikes. This would ensure that best services are delivered to the customers by the management. The CRM was settled on as the best system by the management after studying the systems applied in other clubs across the world. It is a system developed by Microsoft. The management also got into partnership with Avanade, a technological services provider. This company is in charge of management of the computer and other technological systems at MCG. The Commercial Operations does all marketing communications, advertisement, and is involved in marketing and renting out of all MCC suites and dining rooms. The MCC public relations team works in the Member and Customer Services (MACS) department. It’s in charge of all the interactions betwe en MCC and the outside world. Some of the tasks or roles include realizing all publications, doing media liaison during event times, publicizing events, updating, and maintaining the MCC website. Others include promoting MCC through email campaigns and providing in-house communication. MCG is one of the most active sport grounds in the world. The venue hire fee only related to the venue access. It does not cover other services like equipment for production (sound, lighting, broadcasting etc.), labor, security services, and any catering expenses as well as cleaning. These venue services are offered at the guests request and thus their pricing can be availed on request. The management of the advertisement on the ground and scoreboard are under the control of the Stadia Management. The media plays a major role in this. Advertisement of the events and other commercial activities that are involved at the MCG go hand in hand. Print media, radio and Television help advertise the corporate suites that are availed in the grounds as well as the tourism services that are available in Yarra Park, MCG museum and the National sports museum. The online services are also crucial especially in reaching out to the rest of the world. The commercial Operations team offers assistance and services on merchandising and licensing. The media has to seek an okay from the MCC before taking any films or photos while in the venue. This has to be done at least a fortnight before the day for the shooting and photo taking. MCG commercial fees vary depending on the following venue hire, cost-recovery, and commercial licensing. The venue has a set fee for hire. The Promotions Factory (TPF) is the official licensing and merchandising partner of the MCG. The MCC has contracted the services of Ticketeck Company for selling tickets for attendance of all events at the MCG. The MCG has a total capacity of 100, 018, that include 95,000 seats and 5,000 standing spaces. Ticketek allows for pre-paid ser vices. The patrons who pre-pay have their seats reserved to give them assurance of attendance of the event. Seats that are not pre-paid for are usually sold at the public gates to spectators who could be coming to the event on the very day there is an event. According to Ticketek, on some special events, all seats are sold prior to the event. Information systems and market responsiveness have been improved by the adoption of the CRM system. The partnership with Avanade technologies assisted in the development of a system that was in agreement with the objectives of MCC. It ensured proper marketing, profiling of customers, and easier information accessibility. This was a better system because it provided information based on user/customer analysis. This makes it easier for the MCC to assess the customer needs and promptly respond to the ever changing market requirements. Programming at the MCG The MCG is a hub of many of activities. The various events require thorough programming to ensure there is no clash during the calendar of the year. There is usually a calendar for activities annually. The calendar includes event days and non-event days. During the event days is when the ground registers the highest number of visitors. The sport activities that are scheduled in the ground include the Australian football, cricket, baseball, golf, squash and many other field events. The MCG thus receives several customers in any given year. Arrangement and running of events is a prerogative of the Events Department. This department works hand-in-hand with promoters at all stages of delivering an event. It acts as a link to the rest of the departments . Apart from the resident members like the Melbourne Cricket Club and the Melbourne Football Club, there are the visiting clubs that sometimes hire the stadium for their activities. Schools and colleges also use the stadium for holding their competitions. The highest number of visitors is the spectators. They can be considered as the passive customers. Apart from being spectators, some customers are tourists who visit the museums in the MCG. Most of the spectators and tourists visit the grounds as individuals unlike the active customers who come as teams. The MCG has quite a big space for accommodating its customers. Apart from the MCG, the other venues under MCC management are; the Albert Ground, Swinburne Avenue bowls and Croquet complex. Management of these venues and the general built environment is under the Facilities Department. The quality, number and sizes of these venues ensure there is sufficient space for the various activities. However, with the increasing trend of the number of visitors and activities, the management is apprehensive of the need for more expansion. Plans are under way to achieve this. The MCC has invested 55 million USD in the renovation program since 2010 and the project earmarked to end this year; 2013. The staff in charge of the each department in the MCC has been entrench ed in the philosophy of each and every one being the face of MCC. Thus, everyone is required to conduct their duties as per the expectations of the club including observance of equity and social justice in the stadium. The programming of the activities in the MCG puts into consideration the various activities required to take place in the various venues. It has to ensure there are the non-event days when tourism activities can take place. Logistics at the MCG The MCG is the largest stadium in Australia. It is the tenth largest in the world. The improvements on the stadium in preparation for the commonwealth events in 2006 enabled it to host quite a huge number of people as already discussed in this paper. The anticipation of more customers in the future has made the MCC come up with innovative strategies for improving the quality of services as well as the capacity of the MCG and other venues under its management. Since 2010, it has embarked on renovation project of all the faciliti es in the stadium as mentioned earlier. The MCC liaises with several other companies for supply and procurement of goods and services. For instance, the technology services are rendered through the Avanade technology company. It also solicits the extension services of the City West Water Engineers in the provision of contingency measures during highly attended matches and other events. This is discussed later in this paper. Procurement of goods and services within the MCG is under the Procurement/Tendering coordinator. He is in charge of organizing the allocation of tenders and contracts, and management of facilities. The MCC has an E-tendering website that provides an easier way of carrying out the tendering processes. This makes the process very efficient and transparent. The MCC acknowledges the importance of media in the dissemination of information to the stakeholders. When no event is going on in the stadium, the media has to seek the approval of club’s personnel in cha rge of communication to gain entry into the grounds or to carry out an interview. On event days, media accesses the venue using approved media pass obtained from the promoters of the event. Requests for filming are acted upon by the communications department. The MCG has well established media services for hosting quite a range of media workforce. The central point for media activities is found on level 3 at the Ron Casey Media Centre. The grounds have provisions for written press, a state of the art press conference room, eight radio commentary booths, photographers work room and a TV studio. This greatly enhances the advertisement and marketing of the activities that go on at the stadium and its environs. The MCG has a perfect queue and human flow traffic control system. There are spacious entry points into the stadium ensuring there is no jam at all. The seats are fixed on wide plats and are well spaced so as to reduce jam within the stadium. Queue management systems are used at the catering and bar services. There are specific pathways created so as to have people access the services in an orderly manner. Serious contingency planning had to be put in place during events that attract large crowds. Events like the Commonwealth games that were held in Melbourne city in 2006 required proper planning on the usage of the resources. The engineers used the InfoWorks CS to predict the hydraulic behaviour of the sewer system when subjected to different usage patterns due to the highly attended events. Some of the events attract as many as more than 100,000 people. The City West Water Engineers employed InfoWorks CS for contingency planning. The planning department relayed information to the operations, requiring them to respond promptly to any case of increase in demand. During contingency planning, the MCC sought extension services of the City West Water planning group. The group used InfoWorks in developing the contingency plan. Since Melbourne’s main sewer had capacity to take flows from more than 100,000 people, the focus was on developing the contingency plan rather than improving the system. The team had to do tests to get a range of information concerning the behavior of the sewer hydraulic system; the peak conditions involving how and when the pumps fail. This would assist the team in coming up with a model that would be used to come up with a contingency plan in case of sewer system failure. The model had to be prepared early in advance so as to be able to implement it immediately . Pipes were calibrated and configured so as to record the peak flows and the critical stages in the pump functioning; especially during outages. The engineers had to know specifically the flow characteristics from the MCG. It is definitely dynamic and there are no clear statistics recorded anywhere; not even in the design manual of the sewer. The data had to be gotten from flow monitoring during major events like the 2005 Australian Football league f inals. The three main concerns of collecting the information were; to get estimates of peak flows, time for pump station to overflow, and positioning of manholes for waste disposal from make-shift toilets. By-passes were also created and as well standby pumps. By-passes would come in handy in case of blockage along the main sewer line. Standby pumps were meant to be used in case of a pump failure due to the overloading during peak times. The MCG has got an elaborate security detail. The security officers are well equipped to manage security issues in the stadium. There are surveillance cameras to monitor any suspicious occurrences in the stadium. MCC collaborates with St. John Ambulance to provide First Aid services in the stadium. First Aid can be located anywhere in the stadium by consulting with the event staff or security guards. The first aid team makes all required records to all the people it attends to and can always make an arrangement when further medication is needed. Con clusion The audit of the great facilities of the Melbourne Cricket Ground has been done to a great detail. The paper has also highlighted some of the ongoing improvements on the facility as well as the future plans concerning the various aspects of the management of the stadium. The details of the various activities that go on in the MCG have been looked at. It has been established that the stadium does not only host sport events. In conclusion, the MCG is a well managed sports facility, with customer requirements well taken care of. The management of the MCG has, however, to keep strategizing on how to improve the systems given the ever increasing number of customers. Bibliography Dunstan, K Ingpen, R 2004, The tapestry story : celebrating 150 years of the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Lothian Books, South Melbourne, Vic. Levenspiel, G, Chen (Firm), L Heritage, C 2006, Architecture at the MCG : the historyof building the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Lovell Chen Architects, Melbourne. Me lbourbone Cricket Ground 2013, MCG. Web. Melbourne Cricket Club 2013, Melbourne Cricket Club. Web. Ponsford, M 2003, Home ground : reflections of the Melbourne Cricket Ground 2001-2002, Hardie Grant Books, South Yarra., Victoria. Royal Australian Institute of Parks and Recreation. Victorian Region. 1987, Sportsground management : proceedings of a seminar conducted by the Victorian Region of the Institute, June 24, 1987, Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne, Copyrigh Printing, Mitcham [Vic.]. This report on Melbourne Cricket Ground was written and submitted by user Kaeden Rhodes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Week 1 Essay

Week 1 Essay Week 1 Essay POL 201 Quantitative Research Methods in Political Science  © Colin Whelan 2013 THE BASICS POL I 201: Research methods in political science am Colin Whelan cew6@sfu.ca Tentative ofï ¬ ce hours: Tuesdays 12:30-2:15 (after class) or by appointment Labs start week 2 FORMAT OF THE COURSE Labs Homeworks Quizzes Exams R R is the statistical software we will use in this course Instructions syllabus to download and install it are included in the It is a difï ¬ cult software to learn but I use it for two main reasons: It is free It forces you to understand what you are doing KELLSTEDT AND WHITTEN The main textbook for the course Readings Make There are not too long, generally easy to read sure to read thoroughly though! are readings for week 1 and 2 (sorry!) For week 1: Focus on 1.3; and 2.2-2.4 The rest is important; but is mainly good background info First quiz next week! SOME VOCAB Research Question: an empirical question about why or how some phenomenon varies Research questions should be general Research questions should be about all relevant cases Notice that we are studying variation. Variation can be over time or across different cases. Each case is a unit of analysis We measure the concepts as variables VARIABLES Variables require some variation in the concept of interest If our unit of analysis is people, than species is not a variable; if it were animals, species would be a variable Variables map a concept to a measurement, we call this operationalization For any research question we differentiate between: The Dependent Variable; and Other Independent Variables VARIABLES EXAMPLES We use the term variable to refer to both the concept in theory, and the measurement of the concept in our dataset. Here are some examples: Concept Measure Economic status GDP per capita Ideology left-right scale Rights and freedoms POLITY IV Policy preference A Likert scale TWO EXAMPLES DO VOTERS GET MORE CONSERVATIVE AS THEY AGE? Source: 2008 Canadian Election Study DO

Childbirth, Childhood and Adolescence in the Middle Ages

Childbirth, Childhood and Adolescence in the Middle Ages What do you really know about medieval children? Perhaps no other period of history has more misconceptions associated with it than the Middle Ages. The history of childhood is also full of misconceptions. Recent scholarship has illuminated the lives of medieval children as never before, dispelling many of these misconceptions and replacing them with verifiable facts about life for the medieval child. In this multi-part feature, we explore various facets of medieval childhood, from childbirth through the teen years. Well see that, though the world they lived in was very different, medieval children were in some ways very like the children of today. Introduction to Medieval Childhood In this article, we dissect the concept of childhood in the middle ages and how that influenced the importance of children in medieval society.   Medieval Childbirth and Baptism Discover what childbirth was like in the middle ages for women of all stations and classes and the importance of religious ceremonies like baptism in the Christian world. Surviving Infancy in the Middle Ages The death rate and average lifespan in the middle ages were drastically different from what we see today. Discover what like was like for an infant as well as the realities of child mortality rate and infanticide. The Playful Years of Childhood in the Middle Ages A common misconception about medieval children is that they were treated like adults and expected to behave like adults. Children were expected to do their share of household chores, but play was also a prominent part of medieval childhood.   The Learning Years of Medieval Childhood The teenage years were the time to concentrate more intensely on learning in preparation for adulthood. While not all adolescents had schooling options, in some ways education was the archetypal experience of adolescence. Work and Adolescence in the Middle Ages While medieval teens might have been preparing for adulthood, their lives may have been full of both work and play. Discover the typical life of a teen in the middle ages.

Prison in the US justice system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Prison in the US justice system - Research Paper Example The current conditions of prisons will be considered, as well as the presence and implementation of recidivism programs, rehabilitative programs, introductory back into society programs, and steps taken to ensure the safety of the public after a prisoner has been released. When most people think of prisons, cold, rundown jail cells for the purpose of punishing hardened criminals is what usually comes to mind. While punishment is one of the primary reasons that prisons exist, there are two other reasons that often go overlooked: to protect and to rehabilitate. Prisons are used to protect both society and the criminal. Society needs protection against harmful individuals and groups, and the criminal needs protection from those in society wishing to seek revenge for any wrongdoings (for example, the father of a murdered child might feel tempted to go after the murderer). Prisons also help to rehabilitate to prisoners so that they can learn to handle their anger in healthy and beneficial ways, and will also be less likely to commit crimes once they have been released. In recent years, many state and federal prisons have been under fire due to the physical conditions that prisoners are being forced to live. The majority of these issues have stemmed from the two greatest ordeals that prisons are facing, which are overcrowding and underfunding. As early as 1991, prisons throughout the United States have faced a significant increase of inmates, and thus an increase in prison overcrowding (Weschler, 1991). The number of prisoners being released back onto the streets is shrinking while the number of prisoners being brought into prisons is continuing to grow. The demand to maintain prisoners is too great and cannot be kept up with. To make the overcrowding even worse is the underfunding of our state and federal prisons. Due to nationwide budget cuts and our current economic recession, our prisons are among the institutions that are being given the cold shoulder

Economics Government Regulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics Government Regulation - Research Paper Example Poor planning leads to loss of resources and in extreme levels to the collapse of the enterprise. Therefore, it is very crucial for organizations to make clear plans that would act as the blue print for the business (Baker & English, 2011; Singh, 2012). The price that a food processing company should charge for its commodities should range between the lowest price at which the company may not make profit at all, to the highest price that is likely to reduce demand of the products if charged. In such a case, a company should consider both the internal and the external factors in order to get the most appropriate price between these two extremes. Introduction of new products calls for adoption of a proper pricing strategy that would completely discourage competition from the new comers (other firms) and most importantly create the desired impact in the market (Kurtz, 2012). Penetration and skimming pricing strategies are some of the basic strategies that may be adopted to determine the right price of the commodity. Skimming pricing encompasses launching a product at a relatively high price and later on reducing it if necessary (Kurtz, 2012). This strategy spends a lot of money in product promotion, and is recommended mostly when the demand of the product is not predictable. The strategy is common especially if the company had spent large sums of money on research, when promotion is likely to expend a lot of money due to the competition, and when the commodity is very innovative in a way that the market is likely to mature gradually. Skimming strategy has numerous advantages such as ensuring that the elasticity of the products price is low as well as ensuring that minimal cross elasticity of demand exists in case there exist products that are close substitutes. This helps the product in making a vital inroad into the market

The East Asian Model of Development and Financial Crisis Essay Example for Free

The East Asian Model of Development and Financial Crisis Essay The East Asian miracle is often quoted as an example of how countries can register fast paced growth through focused and concentrated growth in industry and trade. However, in the last few decades, countries that have grown at varying paces and this rate of growth has varied in different environments. The East Asian tigers, ruled by authoritarian regimes, grew at an astounding pace in the decades of the sixties and the seventies. While authoritarianism worked well in this region, dictatorial regimes in Uganda, Bhutan and Myanmar failed. Przeworski and Limongi (1997) show how political freedom enables the optimal use of resources in any country. Interest groups exert pressure on governments and ensure widespread and sustainable growth. Free market based economies work on the principles of rule of law, property rights and enforcement of contracts. This way growth is robust and is not vulnerable to shocks that are inherent in a globalizing world. The East Asian countries, including Japan, went through a financial crisis as foreign investment flows got reversed, currencies were devalued and balance of payments suffered. This crisis was the result of a long history of economic inefficiencies helped by regimes that were often corrupt, interventionist and politically entrenched. It is against this backdrop that people all over the world started questioning the entire east Asian model, which till the early nineties was seen as an efficient system that had enabled a large number of poor countries develop their industry, trade and economy at a pace rarely seen before. Economic development and liberty There are those who argue that democracy is inefficient and is prone to market failures. Governments are seen as enforcement agencies that ensure redistribution of wealth. Lipset (1959) and Sen (1999) have argued against this proposition and shown that it is indeed democracy that fosters economic growth. Those who argue in favour of authoritarian rules have one extreme example of Singapore that they often quote. Lee Kuan Yew the first Prime Minister of Singapore who believed in authoritarianism authored the Lee paradigm, and under him Singapore became a prosperous nation. Researchers have examined the Lee paradigm to check whether authoritarian regimes have fostered greater growth and development when compared to democratic structures. According to Haizheng and Zhenhui (2007) who have worked on this model to check whether authoritarian regimes have fostered greater growth and development than have democratic structures, there are indeed a few examples of countries like Singapore and South Korea that have shown impressive growth under authoritarian regimes. However the correlation between authoritarianism and economic growth is not robust. There are counter examples like Botswana and India where economic growth has been spectacular within democratic frameworks. Sen (1982) goes further to argue that there are enough examples of countries where authoritarianism or the lack of a democratic structure has actually resulted in economic decline. In countries like Niger, Ethiopia, Sudan and even in China, famine and hunger took hundreds of lives and an authoritarian regime could do little to avert the crises. He states further that democratic institutions such as a free press, a vigilant opposition and regular elections ensure that the democratic process keeps the political economy alert. Lobbies do exist, interest groups try to steer the political economy in certain ways, but the interplay of all stakeholders ensures that democracies throw up issues that are of common concern. Howlett and Ramesh (2003) point out that it is often seen that individuals, groups, classes, and states participate the democratic policy process. Their own interests often guide them. However when these come together, it is the institutional mechanism of a democratic framework that ensures a stable outcome. Government and the Economy Governments and political policies are important influences on businesses worldwide, impacting on the competitive context in which business strategies are implemented. Over the last couple of decades, economic reforms leading to privatization and liberalization have further increased this influence. Donaldson Preston (1995) have pointed out how as the impact of business on societies grows, companies experience varying and increasing demands from diverse stakeholders. Politics is the stage on which these diverse stakeholder demands are ultimately met with. Success requires active participation from both businesses and governments. Further as Tushman Anderson (1997) show, modernization and strategic dependence on new technologies has become central to markets in many economies. These new technologies create regulatory challenges that again require political responses that can affect the viability and profitability of the business. Governments thus influence the ability of businesses to improve profits and therefore the ability to exert political influence in technologically dynamic sectors becomes an important capability. Again, globalization has greatly improved the chances of conducting business internationally, allowing companies to widen their portfolios and enter into global markets. The significance of governmental policy therefore again assumes great significance in matters of export import regulations, duties etc. (Ohmae, 1999). Democracy and Government What is the better option A strong centralized power controlling all resources versus private players given the freedom to decide what and where to invest? There are a number of people who keep insisting that a dictatorship is what the country requires. Arguing against them is the lot that states categorically that a democratic system that guarantees liberty is what is essential for growth. Economic growth implies the efficient use of available and scarce resources. The argument between those who support a centralized planned and tightly controlled allocation of resources versus those who believe in the market to efficiently allocate resources goes on. Apart from the political concerns, economists have been looking at this issue for a while now. Ronald Coase (1960), a Nobel prize winner in Economics had argued in his famous transaction cost analysis, that there is a cost that society bears when the government allocates resources and this leads to inefficiency. Governments have no way of knowing who will use resources most efficiently and in most cases allocate resources to inefficient players. Other economist have points to the tragedy of the commons, where the absence of clearly defined property rights leads to free rider problems and over exploitation of resources. The question therefore is whether markets should be left free to correct themselves or to have a stringent regulatory mechanism in place that ensures consumer welfare through controlling dominance and capture. In the current scenario then, what exactly is the nature of relationship between governments and businesses? Though the balance has tilted towards the private sector and private enterprise by and large, the state still holds considerable powers over business activities. Doris Fuchs (2005) talks about the different aspects of power that businesses hold in the global economy. Fuchs explains that those who argue stating that there is no business influence on politics should note that the opposite is the case, in countries like those in East Asia. Development of any economy depends on the growth in income, employment and opportunity. These are a direct outcome of investments made, technologies used and markets created. In all these, it is important to look at the roles that the state and the private players play. Governments foster an investment climate that encourages capital flows, incentivise production, builds capacities and enables markets to develop. Cooperation between private business and the government paves way for the efficient markets to develop where demand is created and supply increased to maintain equilibrium. Several examples of such collaborative ventures can be seen especially in large infrastructure developments see across the world. The first example of such a collaboration was seen at the twentieth century when in the US an entire railroad industry developed. Private public partnerships have also been widely used to tackle rising pollution levels and the need for tighter environment protection. The first wave of environment protection saw governments work with a slew of stringent laws and regulations. Then came the non governmental organisations that lobbied against polluters. NGOs, government and civil society work as levers for promoting a greening of industry. Lehmann (2006) uses the Danish example of the Green Network, to demonstrate how new forms of co-operation between public authorities and private companies are arrived at. The conclusion is that through dialogue, reflexivity and the establishment of an enabling environment, public–private partnerships can become useful vehicles in societies move towards the use of environmentally sustainable technologies. Conclusion Democracy, as a form of governance that guarantees political freedom, has long been viewed with suspicion in certain quarters. Various economists have explained how a strong property rights regime within free markets is the best way of guaranteeing efficient resource sharing. Any political regime that interferes with the market then abides by its own rules that could very well be steered in inefficient ways through coercive power that some constituents possess. However, the free market argument has its critics, who ague that some people tend to capture all resources and this results in exploitation of a large group of underprivileged people. Governments, in such cases, are unable to implement rules and the market fails. Gunnar Myrdal had coined a term called â€Å"soft states† in his book â€Å"The Asian Drama†, where the argument was that some states because of their governance structures, history and culture are unable to implement tough action and therefore cannot regulate markets effectively. This has been shown to be big reason for authoritarian states to move fast by way of economic growth, as they were able to take stern steps that are required to ensure growth and development. However the correlation between authoritarianism and economic growth is not robust. Democratic institutions such as a free press, a vigilant opposition and regular elections ensure that the democratic process keeps the political economy alert. In terms of issues that relate to public resources, especially the environment, the tragedy of the commons is a prevalent phenomenon and as Hardin (1968) explains, it is the lack of private incentives and state inefficiencies that play havoc with public goods. The environmental decay and abuse that is seen in authoritarian regimes that have no space for protest and counter opinion ensures that there is no political interest in protecting the environment. In democracies however, lobbies do exist, interest groups try to steer the political economy in certain ways, but the interplay of all stakeholders ensures that democracies throw up issues that are of common concern. It is often seen that individuals, groups, classes, and states participate in the democratic policy process. Their own interests often guide them. However when these come together, in a rule of law mechanism that guarantees equality in the eyes of the law, it is the institutional mechanism of a democratic framework that ensures a stable outcome. The East Asian economies developed without such a framework and therefore, as the economy grew, it also became fragile. The effect of a shock like that seen during the financial crisis therefore affected all segments of the society and the economy. That is why, it is important that economies today are built on robust fundamentals of an enabling market mechanism and not on tight governmental control and intervention.

Could biotechnology solve food shortage problem? Essay -- Hunger, FAO,

Food shortage is a global problem and tragedy of the world. There are almost 1 billion people who suffer from incessant hunger. Every 6 seconds a child dies from hunger (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010). It is unacceptable that number of hungry people is so high. Hunger is continuous, serious and structural problem, which could not be solved in one day. Different world organizations, scientists, economists, politics care about undernourished people and try to find ways for reducing their number. Fortunately, according to FAO in 2010 noted the reduction of hunger of 9.6 percent from 2009 level. Most of all it decreased in Asia, there are 80 million less hunger people. Africa is the only area where poverty and hunger are going on to increase. The number of Africans living on less than one dollar per day has increased 50 percent for the last fifteen years (Paarlberg, 2008). 239 million people of sub- Saharan Africa suffer from malnutrition (FAO, 2010). It is 25.8% of all hungry people in the world. Why are so many Africans still hungry? What are the reasons of their poverty? In general, main reasons are political instability, poorly developed economy, nonproductive farming, etc, but each country has special details. This project will investigate whether subsistence farmers of sub-Saharan Africa can use biotechnology’s advantages. Economy based on subsistence agriculture. For solving malnutrition problem, we need to solve poverty problem, because if people will have jobs, safety place to live, and education they get enough money for food. Now Africa is poor, economy of sub-Saharan Africa’s countries based on agriculture, applying for almost 45% of GDP, and 85% of total employment and most of pe... ...ieve new level of economy when sub-Saharan Africans will work and have enough food for stable and safe lives. Of course, advantages of biotechnology is very useful for enhancing product’s quality, nutrition , for protecting parts of plant like root from different diseases, but for solving food shortage in Sub-Saharan Africa it is essential to solve economical problems. In example of some countries it is clear to notice that food shortage is consequence of poverty. To sum up, sub-Saharan Africa need help from abroad – infestations. Africa has good potential; there are a lot of minerals, precious metals. Also there are good conditions for tourism industry. For example, Ethiopia could develop tourism industry. Wild nature, rich history, ancient towns attract people around the world. Thinking about future it is important to invest to qualified education.

Helter Skelter Book Report

The year was 1969, and in early August seven people were brutally murdered; words like â€Å"Pig,† â€Å"Healter Skelter† and â€Å"Rise† were found printed in blood at the crime scenes. Eventually it is discovered that the perpetrators of these horrific crimes are cult members living on the outskirts of society, led by a man named Charles Manson. But who is Charles Manson? Charles Manson is a monster, certainly, but as a monster he offers us a unique look into the human mind. This semester we have learned about the many different types of people who may engage in individual forms of interpersonal violence. Charles Manson however, provides us the case study of a man whose life revolved around interpersonal violence in all its manifestations. There was nothing this man wouldn’t do to reach his goals – he would rape, murder, manipulate, and lie – all in the name of his personal ambitions. In Vincent Bugliosi’s book, Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders, the reader is provided a thorough explanation of how Manson developed his criminal lifestyle though the focus is on the famous murders he helped to commit as the leader of The Family and the process used to convict him. After a brief comment about the book as a whole and its writing style and content, Manson’s connections to the subject of interpersonal violence will be examined. These connections include the subjects of child neglect, rape, domestic violence, and spiritual abuse. This book offers a huge amount of detail regarding how the Manson Family murders were committed, how the investigation proceeded and how the trial against Manson was won. To bring this history to life, Bugliosi organized his book into chapters ranging from one month to five month increments which serve to place the reader back in the summer of ’69 right after the Tate murders were committed, and take him or her all the way to the conclusion of the trial and its aftermath. While this level of detail and careful organization is very good at informing the reader of the details of Manson’s crimes and how he got convicted, I believe that most important is the analysis of Manson’s life in regards to interpersonal violence. Therefore, I will focus only on the summary of Manson’s life provided in the book, as well as his methods for building and controlling his Family. Since this book was written by a lawyer (Mr. Bugliosi was the prosecuting attorney in the Manson case), one might think that Helter Skelter might be rather boring i. e. totally fact driven and concerned with the technical aspects of the Manson trial as Mr. Bugliosi experienced them. This book is certainly very concerned with the facts, and Bugliosi even provides the time that many events took place. The police investigation is especially explicit in this regard. For example, â€Å"about 1:30 that afternoon Lieutenant Burdick interviewed a girl who had been booked under the name Leslie Sankston,† (p. 121). This aspect of the book can be hard to get through at times, as there is a large cast of characters including suspects, law enforcement officials, witnesses and other ancillary characters whose actions and influences on the case are laid out in careful detail. It can be difficult to keep track of who provided what evidence or which Manson family member was or wasn’t involved in the group’s actions (to make matters worse many of the Family have multiple aliases and nicknames). However, despite some factual overload, Bugliosi does add some comments which add flavor and help the reader to understand what the murders meant for people living around Los Angeles at the time. For example, Bugliosi talks quite about how the general public and the media react to the murders, including details such as, â€Å"one Beverly Hills sporting goods store sold 200 firearms; prior to the murders, they averaged three or four a day,† (p. 73). This color commentary lifts the reader’s head out of the world of the murder investigation to remind them that outside of all this tragedy people were living their ordinary lives, and were obviously scared and nervous about the violence they saw happening in their city. Another interesting aspect of the story is the fact that while this book is in a way a history book looking at the past, Bugliosi actually experienced this history and provides his own emotional reactions to what happened. For example, when Bugliosi read Manson’s file to understand who he was about to prosecute he commented, â€Å"I was surprised, in studying Manson’s record, to find no sustained history of violence,† (p. 203). While the reader might disagree with Bugliosi (it seems that instances of armed robbery, homosexual rape and wife beating could be considered a â€Å"sustained history†), these personal reactions to what is going on show the reader that Bugliosi is not merely an author or a historian, but a character in this story who experienced all the madness revolving around Charles Manson first hand. Therefore, while Helter Skelter might be considered very fact-driven it certainly has a heart, and Mr. Bugliosi does an excellent job describing not only exactly how the investigation went, but also how it felt for some of the people involved. Anyone interested in interpersonal violence, the 60s or Charles Manson will certainly have learnt a great deal after finishing this book. As I’ve said previously, the life of Charles Manson revolved around interpersonal violence. From an early age Manson was the victim of child neglect – his mother (Kathleen Maddox) would leave him with neighbors, â€Å"for an hour, then disappear for days or weeks,† (p. 91). While there is no evidence provided that Manson was actually abused during these days away from his mother, the lack of any strong parental figures to care for him must have been traumatizing for Manson. Kathleen was sixteen when Charles was born, and was known to drink and party, often bringing home men with the same proclivities. She was also a very poor model for her son when it came to following the law. Along with her brother Luther, Kathleen was sentenced to five years in prison for armed robbery when Charles was between four and five years old. Manson never met his father who is said to have died in 1954. Considering his upbringing, it is not surprising that the boy had trouble adjusting properly, and that his struggle to be noticed and gain attention would be at the core of his being. When Manson was twelve his mother sent him away to the Gibault School for Boys, described as a â€Å"caretaking institution,† (p. 191) because she could no longer to care for him. From this point on Charles Manson would be in and out of institutions (including prison). When the investigations for the Tate-LaBianca murders were taking place Manson was thirty-two years old and had spent over seventeen of those years in some form of institution. During the time Manson was incarcerated personality examinations were conducted and various descriptions warn of the possibility of violence. Manson was described as being, â€Å"aggressively antisocial,† (p. 193) having, â€Å"a tendency toward moodiness,† (p. 192) and as, â€Å"hiding his loneliness, resentment, and hostility behind a facade of superficial ingratiation,† (p. 00). These examinations and their conclusions will be very important when considering what could have been done to stop Manson and what we as a society can do to ensure no one like him is ever allowed to terrorize others again. The acts of interpersonal violence Manson committed during his time in and out of institutions are numerous. When Manson was seventeen he attended Natural Bridge Camp and a month before his release hearing he, â€Å"took a razor blade and held it against another boy’s throat while he sodomized him,† (p. 194). However, this did not stop Manson from being released and he promptly married a waitress and got her pregnant (he was 19). A year later however, he was in trouble with the law for stealing cars (and driving them across state lines – a federal offense) and admitted to the judge-requested psychiatrist that he beat his wife, â€Å"at times,† (p. 196). After three years in jail, Manson was released with five years parole (the year was 1958). In 1959, Manson’s parole officer was informed by a parent that Manson had conned his daughter (Jo Anne) and one of her friends (Beth), telling them he was in the night club, radio and television business. Manson convinced Jo Anne to invest her savings in his bogus company, got her pregnant (there was no mention if the sex was consensual), and drugged and raped Beth as well (p. 199). For violating his probation as well as these new sexual crimes he was accused of committing Manson was sentenced to 10 years in prison (although he was paroled on March 21, 1967). It was after this stint in prison that Manson began to bring his â€Å"Family† together and it was with them that he truly began to explore his appetite for violence through the use of spiritual abuse. The Manson Family at first glance may not seem different from many of the communes that had come together in the 60s, representing a desire for sexual liberation and a more natural way of living. However, the Family was not simply a commune, but a cult whose idea of a more natural way of life included violence, submission and eventually control over the world as the, â€Å"pure, white master race,† (p. 330). To members of the family Charles Manson was Jesus Christ or God, and these were the aliases that Charlie Manson provided the police when he was charged for the car theft ring (p. 80). Manson always had a desire for attention and to feel noticed and important, and it was through his creation of his own religion that he could finally get what he always wanted. Unfortunately for his acolytes, Manson’s appetite for violence and abuse only escalated once he had a multitude of willing victims under his control. It may seem odd that people would want to join such an abusive group, but Manson had various means to attract people to his Family. To convince men to join him Manson would use the sexual favors of the girls already under his control. For example, when trying to attract a biker from the Straight Satans gang to join him, Manson is quoted as saying, â€Å"Move up here, you can have all the girls you want, all the girls,† (p. 131). To get girls to join Manson would ask for the help of some of the more attractive men in the Family to, â€Å"go down to the Sunset Strip, where the teenyboppers hung out,† or â€Å"drive the highways watching for girls who were hitchhiking,† (p. 317) in the hope that they would be able to lure some of the girls back to the ranch the Family was living on. Once these new recruits were introduced to the Family, Manson had a variety of techniques he would use to control them. Manson was said to have possessed an ability to capitalize on, â€Å"a person’s hang-ups and/or desires,† (p. 316). He told plain girls they were beautiful, told girls with daddy issues to imagine that he was their father, and girls looking for a leader that he was Jesus Christ. To ensure that the girls were completely submissive Manson would convince them that, â€Å"women are only as good as their men,† and that they were â€Å"a reflection of their men,† (p. 02). This is obviously ideal for a cult leader because Manson portrayed himself as the father of the Family and their savior. Since â€Å"their man† was so good, these girls felt that they were good, and that Manson would lead them to salvation and love. This mixture of brainwashing and domination produced in the girls, â€Å"a little girl quality† as if they had been, â€Å"retarded at a certain stage in their childhood,† (p. 184-185). Even when considering murder and death the girls would maintain a positive, contented mood, as if nothing could faze them. Manson did not just use words to bring about total obedience however. One thirteen-year-old girl was not considered â€Å"submissive enough† for Manson so he, â€Å"punched her in the mouth; kicked her across a room; hit her over the head with a chair leg,† (p. 277). This was not entirely typical of Manson though as his favorite weapons of control consisted of using or withholding sex (especially with the male Family members), as well as drug-aided manipulation. LSD is a hallucinogenic drug which can make the one taking it more susceptible to outside influence. Manson used this property to, â€Å"instill his philosophies, exploit weaknesses and fears, and extract promises and agreements from his followers,† (p. 318) while they were â€Å"tripping† on LSD (which he provided of course). Manson’s â€Å"religion† that he would con his followers into believing was based on a mixture of Scientology, passages from the Bible, Buddhism and records by the Beatles. While it is difficult to decipher exactly how this philosophy all fit together, one important element that aided in the control of the Family was fear. According to Manson, â€Å"fear was the same thing as awareness,† (p. 319) and the goal (as in many religions or philosophies) is to gain more awareness, or to come into the â€Å"Now,† which is a term taken from Scientologists and basically means to truly live â€Å"in the moment. † Manson told Family members that they should always be afraid, and he would search out his followers’ greatest fears so that he could use these fears, â€Å"like a magic button†¦he could push at will to control that person,† (p. 319). This aspect of the Manson cult is so important to understand because it explains why Manson had such a strong following. Even though many of his Family members were afraid of him, Manson told them that they wanted to be afraid so they took it as a good thing. Another important aspect of Manson’s beliefs that is very important for understanding the murders he would later commit was his interpretation of a chapter in the Bible from Revelations. Revelations tells of the four horsemen of the apocalypse who were foretold to arrive on earth to bring about a war where a third of mankind would perish. Manson believed that these four horsemen were the Beatles rock group, and therefore the apocalypse was happening soon if not immediately. Manson believed there was going to be a race war (blacks vs. whites) in which the whites would be wiped out (the third of mankind that will perish) and the only way to escape it was to hide out in the desert where he could later return with his Family where they would rule over the remaining blacks as the master race. The murders that Manson and his followers committed were meant to spark this race war, and move Manson’s plan into action. Although this sounds quite unbelievable, the combination of LCD, naivete (some of the Family members were fed these theories since they were thirteen), and the time period allowed Manson to assemble quite a sizable group. While it is estimated that there may have been over a hundred Family members at various times, the inner circle remained at around 20-30 people (p. 186). The Family was Manson’s â€Å"greatest† creation. While previously Manson could only abuse one or two people at a time, he found a way to simultaneously abuse dozens of people – all without the knowledge of society as a whole. A lot of research has been done in the field of interpersonal violence since the time of the Manson murders. There are more accepted theories explaining why people commit acts of interpersonal violence and there are more tested methods of how to recognize people or situations that may become abusive. It is clear just how far things have progressed when the ease of which Charles Manson is labeled as the monster he is and the multiple warning signs that appear when looking at his life and personality. Many of Manson’s personality traits match with those suggested by Rosenbaum, Pagelow and/or Anderson, including â€Å"violence in family of origin,† (although there is no explicit information about physical abuse, Manson was neglected and rejected by his mother) â€Å"low self esteem,† (Manson had a drive to be recognized by others) â€Å"traditionalist, authoritarian personalities, need for power or control† (the way Manson ran his Family is clear evidence of this) as well as â€Å"moody,† (mentioned in institutional personality checks of Manson) and â€Å"psychopathology,† (Wallace, Roberson, p. 22 Table 9. 1). Although there is no single accepted checklist for traits of an abuser, Manson would be identified as an abuser using three different (though overlapping) scales. If these types of measurements had been available in Manson’s early years, he may have been discovered and possibly could have been treated when he was 19 (when he abused his first wife) instead of being released from prison after a few short years with no rehabilitation and allowed to continue his patterns of abuse. The tactics Manson used to control the Family are also very well documented in today’s research of intimate partner abuse. For example, three main elements in any abuse situation are fear, isolation and lack of resources (Wallace, Roberson, p. 225). Manson’s â€Å"religion† was based on making his followers as afraid as possible, and having an intimate knowledge of each member’s fears so that they could be used against them when needed. While many of the Family members appeared to radiate inner contentment, there were several former members of the Family that testified in the Manson case that would talk about how afraid they were of what Manson would do to them if they disobeyed his commands. Isolation was obviously an important part of Manson’s philosophy as he was very against the â€Å"establishment† and saw the apocalypse fast approaching therefore he took his family to the desert and for most of the time the Family was together they lived on Spahn’s ranch, which was an old western movie set that had allen into disrepair. Once in this isolated location Manson had free reign to manipulate and abuse his followers with no one to stop him. Lack of resources could be said to apply to all the members of the Family as they were living the hippie lifestyle with no real employment prospects. However, this is important when considering that very few of the Family members left Manson, especially his â€Å"inner circle. † Although Manson might have been abusive and demanding in many ways, he appeared to have a plan and an answer for life’s tough questions. With no better prospects and no real way to successfully fend for themselves, it is no surprise that many of the women especially did not leave (they were taught they were only good as their man after all – what would they do with no man? ). With more knowledge about what can cause abusive situations as well as increased awareness among the general population I am hopeful that a situation like the one that developed in the California desert will not happen again, and if it does hopefully it will be quickly identified and shut down. Sexual assault is a common factor in many of the different topics in interpersonal violence including rape, intimate partner abuse and child abuse. There is evidence that Manson participated in all of these facets of sexual assault. Although I’ve already mentioned how he has raped (Beth in 1959) and used sex as a means of control (with the female Family members), he also engaged in child sexual abuse. One thirteen year old girl was sodomized by Manson as other Family members looked on as part of her initiation (p. 18). Manson’s motives for sexual assault are easy to match up with the category of â€Å"power rape† given in Wallace and Roberson’s text book on family violence. Power rapes (specifically power-assertive rapists) consider rape as, â€Å"an expression of his virility, mastery and dominance,† (p. 342). Clearly Manson desired attention, obedience and wanted control over his victims, that being the same way he ran his Family. By controlling what others did sexually Manson was able to feel in control of them. Clearly Manson was not interested in his followers as people, but merely puppets from which he could get what he wanted. When considering the scope of the spiritual abuse that Manson perpetrated on his followers, it is important to consider his authoritarian personality and his need for attention and control. Manson’s philosophy was all there was for the Family – there was no adding elements to it or putting a personal spin on the information. As one Family member put it, â€Å"everything was done at Charlie’s direction,† (p. 317). Therefore, when examining some of the questions Wallace and Roberson’s book offer as means of determining if a religious group is abusive, the answers to them are uniformly â€Å"no. † For example, â€Å"Does the group allow for development in theological beliefs? † â€Å"Does the group foster relationships and connections with the larger society that are more than self-serving? or the question most indicative of the abusive situation happening at Spahn ranch, â€Å"Does the group encourage independent thinking and the development of discernment skills? (Wallace and Roberson, p. 327). While Manson did not demand any of his followers kill themselves as is the pattern in many cults, his motives were just as sinister. Manson’s goal was to survive the apocalypse to be the leader of the master white race. With the help of his Family Manson wanted to go from the leader of 30-40 hippies to the leader of the whole world. Luckily his means of obtaining this goal were not as grand as the goal itself and eventually landed him in jail, far away from impressionable minds to warp and twist. Charles Manson is an interesting man in that he offers us the opportunity to see how a human being can transform himself into an animalistic monster if society turns a blind eye. Even though Manson proved from an early age that he was violent and had no respect for authority or law, he was repeatedly let out to wreak havoc on society. Charles Manson’s masterpiece was a sadistic, brainwashing cult which twisted the minds of dozens of young people, made them experiences the horror of abuse, physical, emotional and sexual, and finally ended in the deaths of at least nine people. What Manson really gives us is a reason to continue the fight against interpersonal violence. As a society we must never again allow such a person to freely exist among us. People with these types of violent tendencies must be identified, understand and if at all possible, rehabilitated. If rehabilitation is not possible then the proper steps must be taken to ensure that such an abusive person is never allowed access to another victim. While people often think that interpersonal violence isn’t their problem because they haven’t personally experienced it, Charles Manson shows just how ignorant this opinion is. While Manson may have been â€Å"someone else’s problem† before he started the family, it was still one man that shocked and frightened an entire state, and made the entire country take notice. With our increased understanding we now that the ability to fight to insure that nothing like the Manson Family will be allowed to exist unchecked again.

Define an SLA and state why it is required in a risk adverse organization Essay

1. This is a closed-book, closed-notes quiz. No reference material (including assignments and labs) will be permitted for use during the quiz session. 2. The quiz contains the following types of questions: * Short essay type 3. Place your answers in the space immediately following each question. Quiz Questions 1. Define an SLA and state why it is required in a risk adverse organization. A SLA is a service level agreement, which is a contract between the ISP and the company. A SLA gives the company an idea of how much time they will be without services, should something happen with the ISP. A SLA is important to a company in making recovery plans, knowing what critical systems need to be available for a continuance of business and formulation of disaster recovery. 2. Using the user domain, define risks associated with users and explain what can be done to mitigate them. The user domain has several risk’s involved, as people are involved and there is no way employees can be monitored without the use of CCTV. Social engineering a person trying to obtain information through malicious means. The greatest tool in mitigating risk in the user domain is training and reminders for users to be aware of their surroundings. No acceptable user’s policy, AUP, or lack of training employees on the correct usage of the network. User accounts left active, if the employee is terminated, and another employee has the log on credentials. Mitigation would to be disabling all user accounts upon termination. . 3. Using the workstation domain, define risks associated within that domain and explain what can be done to reduce risks in that domain. The use of USB’s or disk, the files could contain viruses and infect other files or applications on the network. No acceptable user’s policy, AUP, or lack of training employees on the correct usage of the network. The users staying signed into their accounts when leaving their desk. Session timeout would help with this risk, but training and follow up with need to be done as well. 4. List four compliance laws or regulations or mandates, and explain them. HIPAA- covers all healthcare industries and states all patient information must be encrypted in storage, transmissions, and restrictions on access to the information. SOX- cover all publically traded companies and require auditing of the accounting procedures of the business. The reports required by SOX are reported to the SEC. Access to the financial information is restricted and based on need to know. FISMA- covers government agencies and is to ensure all assets of the government are protected. Assets like information, operations and actual machinery are protected from hackers or internal threats. Guidelines to develop a security guideline for government agencies, requires regular audits. CIPA-Child Internet Protection Act- covers federally funded entities’ than provide internet services to individuals, schools and libraries. The Act requires content filters to be used to prevent children from being exposed to harmful content, pornography and illicit sites on the internet. 5. Define risk with a formula. Explain what each variable means. Risk= Threat x Vulnerability- Threat is any compromise in the network that can be used for malicious behavior, an example worm, or Trojan horse. Vulnerability- is a weakness in the software or OS of a network that can be exploited for malicious intent. The two multiplied equals a risk to the information, assets or intellectual property of a business.

Feasibility Study Essays

Feasibility Study Essays Feasibility Study Essay Feasibility Study Essay Is a preliminary evaluation of any Idea to determine If Its worth pursuing, giving you a high level overview to see If the Idea Is doable.  There are several components of a full feasibility analysis that have to be considered to have a better success in implementing your idea but the following four are the most critical: * Product/service feasibility * Industry/Market feasibility * Organizational feaslblllty * Financial feasibility Description of the business The business that I would like to implement is a home security system that is capable f facial and voice recognition with full view capability that would alert the appropriate authorities In case of any emergency. The system will also have the capablllty to continue to operate even If the source of power Is terminated or wires unplugged. In recent years with the downturn of our economy we have seen an increase of home invasions during all hours of the day, especially in the morning when they believe no one is at home. The standard security systems that are currently being offered are not enough to provide the security required to cover all bases and the more security that is needed, the higher the prices of the equipment nd additional charges for the extra support. The name of my business will be Safely Home, which the name alone will Indicate that you can safely stay at home, and the service being provided is backed by ADT, which is one of the best monitoring companies around. They have been providing monitoring services since the 1890s. Description of the Entrepreneur Marcos Miranda will be the owner of the company. He currently works for a Paper Company doing business analysis for the Procurement organization where he spends almost ten hours during the day at work and two hours commuting back and forth. : He also has technical background and has installed several wireless cameras all throughout his house and outside his perimeter. The idea of starting a home security system that offers a better solution at a competitive price came while shopping around for a home security system that would provide full security while constant monitoring the house and its perimeter while he was at work. He shopped around for one business solution that offered everything In one package but he was not able to do it, he then decided to study the monitoring industry and come out with his own solution. Through trials and errors he successfully implemented security and monitoring devices at his home while shopping around for the best components at a reasonable price. He was also able to contact ADT and negotiated a contract where they would provide the monitoring service at half price since all of the equipment and Installation was done by him, A few of his friends saw what he had managed to He contacted ADT and was able to have them agreed that anyone that installed his system will be able to get a contract for half off of their entirety. With that proposal he saw an opportunity to start his own business backed by a corporate giant like ADT. The Product/Service Unique features: Benefits Safely Home will provide the best protection around by giving the home owners a full range of capabilities that are not standard with other monitoring systems, providing a piece of mind for the whole family. Our system will have the capability to offer full wireless capability, complete sensing and motion detection and full 360 view capabilities in color with facial and voice recognition, and the potential of up to eight hours of recording capability. You can be sure that every aspect of your home will be monitored and safely guarded against any harm or emergencies situation where it an go undetected, like fires or carbon monoxide. Full wireless capability With most standard security systems a telephone line is required for the system to be able to place calls when are needed. If a telephone line is not in place, the home owner is giving the option to acquire a line from their local telephone service provider or upgrade to the most expensive wireless solution that they offer. In our systems the wireless capability comes built-in, giving the home owners a true full sense of security since there is no need of wires that can be easily cut off. The ireless capability also allows other smart devices to be controlled by the security system, smart devices like outside lighting system, irrigation or inside temperature control right from their cell phone. The home owner will also have the capability to remotely arm or disarm their system from basically anywhere in the world through an app or via the internet. The system can also monitor fires and carbon monoxide by using existing fire alarms and carbon monoxide units utilizing the frequency that is emitted by these devices and alerting the proper emergency response team. The ireless unit has also a built-in power supply that can maintain up to eight hours of running time in case of power outages which will continue to protect without having to reset the unit. Complete sensing and motion detection Standard units come with two motion sensor units that are normally located in opposite sides of the house to provide a wider coverage but are limited to structural issues, and the bigger the house the more motion sensors are required. There are also four contact units that goes on doors and windows, which only covers half or maybe a third of the house and if more contacts are needed they will have to be urchased separately. Our system comes with standard four motion sensors units that provide full 360 degree coverage for any household area; the motion sensors units are wireless and have the capability, if upgraded to a different model, to provide emergency lights if the power goes out. The contact units are provided in are wireless and no wiring is required and setup is easy since no especial installation is required, Just peel the adhesive backing and place where is appropriate. In case of a break-in, the system will silently alert the authorities while a loud siren will go off to care off the intruders while also alerting the homeowners via email, text and a call from ADT. The motion sensing units can be adjusted to accommodate pets and normal household traffic if the system is armed. Full 360 view capabilities with facial and voice recognition Our home security units are also packaged with four wireless night vision cameras that can be placed inside or outside the house to provide another level of security. The video feed transmitted is clear and can be received in any internet capable device even cell phones. The camera system are wireless but do required to be wired for the power supply. An xternal power supply can be purchased and easily installed for areas where hard wire is not an option or for stealth. The night vision is one of the best one out there, the cameras also have facial and voice recognition with in thirty feet of their location. This special feature allows the home owner to set up the camera system to automatically arm or disarm the system by Just saying a word in combination with the face recognition. The setup for the face recognition is easy and the software is user friendly Up to eight hours of recording With the camera system there is also an additional component that has the capability f recording what the camera system is capturing. The setup is very easy and can be synchronized with the motion sensors to start/stop recording when movement is in the area. The recordings can be easily retrieved and played back in any computer. This is also a great surveillance feature that can be of tremendously help in case of any break-ins. The recording system can also be placed in a discreet location where only the home owner would know of the location, eliminating the possibility of burglars taken all of the evidence or erasing the contents.